How Carbon 60 is Made Archives

C-60 in olive oil causes light-dependent toxicity

C60 in olive oil causes light-dependent toxicity and does not extend lifespan in mice

Kristopher J. Grohn & Brandon S. Moyer & Danique C. Wortel & Cheyanne M. Fisher & Ellie Lumen & Anthony H. Bianchi & Kathleen Kelly & Paul S. Campbell & Douglas E. Hagrman & Roger G. Bagg & James Clement & Aaron J. Wolfe & Andrea Basso & Cristina Nicoletti & Giovanni Lai & Mauro Provinciali & Marco Malavolta & Kelsey J. Moody

We additionally find that pristine C60-OO causes no acute toxicity in a rodent model but does form toxic species that can cause significant morbidity and mortality in mice in under 2 weeks when exposed to light levels consistent with
ambient light. Intraperitoneal injections of C60-OO did not affect the lifespan of CB6F1 female mice.

Finally, we conduct a lifespan and health span study in males and females C57BL/6 J mice comparing oral treatment with pristine C60-EVOO and EVOO alone versus untreated controls. We failed to observe significant
lifespan and health span benefits of C60-EVOO or EVOO supplementation compared to untreated controls, both starting the treatment in adult or old age.

Our results call into question the biological benefit of C60-OO in aging.

How Carbon 60 is Made

Evolution of Species During Thermal Submlimation of C60

L. Moro, P. Lazzeri, V. Micheli CMBM, Centro Materiali e Biofisica Medica Povo- Trento, 1-38050, Italy

To study the nature of the residue and possible methods for reduce or eliminate it, is relevant to many topics of the fullerene research. For example, there is a fundamental interest for the interactions between fullerenes and solvents and the stability of possible compounds or adducts. In addition the presence of solvent molecules trapped in the fullerene crystals and of solid phases of C60 wih solvents may affect the measured basic properties of C60.

How Carbon 60 is Made

Fullerene for Medicinal Purposes, A Purity Criterion towards Regulatory Considerations

Sanaz Keykhosravi 1, Ivo B. Rietveld 2 , Diana Couto 1, Josep Lluis Tamarit 3, Maria Barrio 3, René Céolin 1 and Fathi Moussa 1,*

Here we have evaluated several analytical tools to verify the purity of commercially available C60 samples. Our data clearly show that differential scanning calorimetry is the best candidate to establish a purity
criterion based on the sc-fcc transition of a C60 sample.

How Carbon 60 is Made

Solvent Molecules in Crystalline C60

Eugueni V. Skokan,*,† Victor I. Privalov,‡ Igor V. Arkhangel’skii,† Vladimir Ya. Davydov,† and Nadezhda B.Tamm† Chemistry Department, Moscow State UniVersity, Moscow 119899, Russia, and KurnakoV Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr.31, Moscow 117907, Russia

Extraction and chromatographic separation of individual
fullerenes are the necessary stages of the fullerene synthesis.1
In both stages, fullerenes are dissolved in a suitable solvent
(usually aromatic) or in a solvent mixture. Fullerite (crystalline
fullerene) is obtained after crystallization from the corresponding
solution. Crystals prepared by such a technique are used as the
starting material for further investigations. The resulting product
is usually washed with nonaromatic solvent (ether, hexane) and
further annealed in a vacuum or purified by sublimation to
remove solvent molecules from fullerite. However, it was shown
that residual solvent remains in solid C60 even after vacuum
treatment of the samples of C60 at elevated temperatures.

Conclusions

The results of the study of the series of C60 samples prepared
by various methods allowed us to draw the following conclusions.
(1) The molecules of solvent are not incorporated into the
crystal lattice of C60, but rather are adsorbed at the interfaces
of microcrystals.
(2) “Sintering” of the microcrystals upon heating is assumed
to be responsible for entrapping some of the solvent molecules
in the sample. This may be the reason solvents cannot be
completely removed by vacuum heating of samples of C60 and
only sublimation makes it possible to obtain virtually solventfree
materials.
(3) Disappearance of the orientational phase transition in DSC
curves of mechanically treated samples was observed as earlier,
with the nature of this effect being explained in terms of the
space defects in the crystals of C60.

All About Sunflower Oil

New Directions Aromatics

- Sunflower Carrier Oil, better known as Sunflower Seed Oil or more simply as Sunflower Oil, is cold pressed from the seeds of the Sunflower.

- Used topically, Sunflower Carrier Oil hydrates, softens, prevents moisture loss, defends against external damage, and facilitates the skin’s regeneration. It is gentle enough to use around the eyes and in baby skincare.

- Sunflower Oil slows the look of wrinkles, reduces the appearance of enlarged pores, eliminates acne-causing bacteria, prevents blemishing, and evens out the skin tone. It is easily absorbed into the skin without clogging pores.

- When applied to hair, Sunflower Oil hydrates, strengthens, softens, manages frizz, repairs damage, and effectively addresses thinning, loss, and baldness.

Used medicinally, Sunflower Carrier Oil protects against harmful bacteria, soothes skin that is irritated, inflamed, calloused, and rough, and prevents acne breakouts. In massage therapy, it is reputed to be ideal for addressing leg ulcers.